Force Converter

Exactly 9.80665, which is standard gravity by definition. It is the force gravity exerts on a one-kilogram mass at that acceleration.

A kilogram is a mass; kilogram-force is the weight of that mass under standard gravity. A bathroom scale measures force and reports mass, which works because gravity barely varies on Earth.

Divide by 4.4482. One thousand newtons is about 225 pounds-force.

The force that accelerates one kilogram at one metre per second squared. It is roughly the weight of a small apple, which is a pleasing coincidence given the story.

A CGS unit — the force accelerating one gram at one centimetre per second squared, which is a hundred-thousandth of a newton. It survives mainly in older physics literature.

Weight does; mass does not. A 70 kg person has 70 kg of mass everywhere and weighs about 686 N on Earth and 114 N on the Moon.

Newton's second law: force equals mass times acceleration. A newton is exactly the force that accelerates one kilogram at one metre per second squared.

Very large — decelerating an 80 kg body from 50 km/h in a fraction of a second requires thousands of newtons. Crumple zones exist to extend that time and so reduce the force.

A moment is a force times a perpendicular distance — a turning effect. Same force, longer lever, larger moment, which is the whole principle of a spanner.

It is a defined conventional value, close to the average at sea level. Actual gravity varies from about 9.78 at the equator to 9.83 at the poles.

About 102 kilograms-force, or the weight of a large person. Climbing equipment is rated in kilonewtons, and a rope rated at 22 kN holds far more than any static load a climber applies.

With a load cell, which converts deformation into an electrical signal. Spring scales do the same thing mechanically, which is why they need recalibrating as the spring ages.